American [11] / American Underslung (United States)

American Motors Company, established in Indianapolis, Indiana, operated from 1906 until 1914. The company is primarily known for its production of automobiles referred to as American Underslung, a name derived from the distinctive underslung frames that characterized many of its models. Initially, American Motors produced vehicles with conventional frames alongside the underslung versions, continuing this practice until at least 1911.

The first model, known simply as the American, featured a 35/40 horsepower four-cylinder T-head engine designed by Harry C. Stutz. The engine was manufactured by a small company owned by the Teetor brothers, which later evolved into a significant engine manufacturer under the name Teetor-Hartley. Early American models utilized Garford axles and frames sourced from A.O. Smith. After Stutz's departure in 1907, Fred Tone took over as chief designer and is credited with the idea of the underslung frame, reportedly inspired by observing a conventional frame being transported upside down.

The first underslung model was introduced in 1907, a two-seater roadster equipped with a 40/50 horsepower engine mounted on a subframe. This model was priced at $3,250, the same as the conventional tourer. Production in 1907 yielded approximately 100 vehicles, with annual output averaging between 150 and 200 units, peaking at around 1,000 cars in 1912. By 1908, larger engines of 50 and 70 horsepower were available, and the company began producing underslung four-seater models. Closed body styles were also offered on conventional chassis, and by 1911, a closed coupe on the underslung frame was introduced, priced at $5,250, which ultimately positioned the American out of reach for many consumers.

In 1912, the company attempted to revitalize its offerings with the introduction of the American Scout, a smaller model featuring a 20 horsepower L-head engine, priced at $1,250. However, this effort came too late to salvage the company, and Fred Tone departed in 1913. The American Motors Company was declared bankrupt in the spring of 1914, shortly after listing two sizes of six-cylinder engines. Following the bankruptcy, approximately 50 unsold vehicles were marketed by the Auto Parts Company of Chicago at prices ranging from $600 to $900.