Crosley (United States)

Crosley Motors Inc. was an American automobile manufacturer based in Cincinnati, Ohio, that operated from 1939 to 1952. Founded by Powel Crosley Jr., a self-made millionaire known for his success in the radio and appliance industries, the company aimed to produce quality small cars during a time when the American market favored larger vehicles powered by inexpensive gasoline.

The first Crosley automobile made its public debut at the 1939 New York World’s Fair. It was powered by an air-cooled 15-horsepower Waukesha twin engine, originally developed from a motor used in orchard sprayers. The initial models featured a compact design with an 80-inch wheelbase and were available in various body styles, including convertible coupes, sedans, and station wagons. Despite facing numerous issues in its early production, the company managed to resolve these problems before halting production in 1942 due to the United States' entry into World War II.

During the war, Crosley acquired the rights to a lightweight four-cylinder stationary engine known as the Cobra, which was characterized by its fixed head and copper-brazed sheet metal block. This engine powered the next generation of Crosley vehicles when production resumed in 1946. The post-war period saw a surge in demand for automobiles, and Crosley capitalized on this by selling over 28,000 units in 1948 alone. However, as full-size cars returned to the market at competitive prices, Crosley faced challenges, particularly with the Cobra engine's corrosion issues, which led to its replacement with the CIBA engine.

In 1949, Crosley became the first automobile manufacturer to introduce four-wheel disc brakes. That same year, the company launched the Hotshot, a small, doorless sports car that gained recognition in racing, notably winning the Index of Performance at the Sebring race in 1951. Despite the introduction of a more upscale version called the Super Sports, sales began to decline, and Crosley Motors ultimately ceased automotive operations in 1952. The brand's innovative approaches and early contributions to automotive technology remain a notable part of its legacy.