City & Suburban (United Kingdom)

City & Suburban Electric Carriage Co. Ltd was a British automobile manufacturer based in London, operational from 1901 to 1905. The company served as an agent for the American Columbia Motor Car Company, offering a range of electric vehicles that included models from light two-seaters to heavier landaulettes and shooting brakes. The majority of the vehicle bodies were produced in Britain, which contributed to the company's identity as an Anglo-American enterprise.

One of the notable early customers of City & Suburban was Queen Alexandra, who purchased a two-seater 'victoriette' in 1901 for use on the grounds of Sandringham. This vehicle is now preserved in the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu. In 1903, the Prince of Wales, who later became King George V, acquired a town brougham from the company. The most affordable model available in 1903 was the Niagara runabout, designed for doctors, which was priced at £250. The name "Niagara" was derived from the former skating rink located in Westminster, which also served as the company's headquarters.

In early 1903, City & Suburban announced a petrol-electric car that was distinct from its Columbia offerings. This vehicle was based on a Daimler chassis and featured a 5.5 horsepower two-cylinder engine that powered electric motors in the rear wheels. This innovative design allowed the petrol engine to be switched off in heavy traffic, enabling the car to operate on battery power for several miles. However, this model did not enter production. By 1904, some City & Suburban vehicles began to adopt wheel steering, following the trend set by Columbia, but the company ultimately ceased operations in 1905.